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Psalm 23 in Hebrew
(click on the blue links below to find the Hebrew meanings, and related Scriptures)
Yᵊhōvâ : self-Existent, Eternal YHWH
rāʿâ : feed, shepherd, keeper, herdmen, to tend to
ḥāsēr lo ḥāsēr : (lo = Not), to lack, be without, decrease, be lacking, have a need
rāḇaṣ : to stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out
deše’ : grass, new grass, green herb, vegetation, young
nā’â : pasture, abode, abode of shepherd, habitation, meadow
ʿal : beside, upon, over, beyond, above, with
mᵊnûḥâ : resting place, rest, quiet
mayim : waters
šûḇ : return, restore, recover, refresh, repair, lead somewhere
nep̄eš : soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion
nāḥâ : lead, guide, bring
maʿgāl : path, ways, track
ṣeḏeq : justice, rightness, righteousness
maʿan : for the sake of, purpose, intent
šēm : name (YHWH’s Name)
gam : also, indeed, moreover, yea
yālaḵ : to go, walk, come, proceed
gay’ : valley, a steep valley, narrow gorge
ṣalmāveṯ : death-shadow, deep shadow, deep darkness, shadow of death
yārē’ : to fear, revere, be afraid
raʿ : lo (lo = Not) bad, evil, wicked, unkind, sad, hurtful
ʿimmāḏ : with me, by me, upon me, mine, against me
šēḇeṭ : rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe
mašʿēnâ : support (of every kind), staff
nāḥam : to be sorry, console oneself, repent, regret, comfort, be comforted, be moved to pity, have compassion
ʿāraḵ : to arrange, set or put or lay in order, prepare, order, ordain, handle, furnish, esteem
šulḥān : table, meal-table
pānîm : face, presence, sight, countenance
neḡeḏ : what is conspicuous, what is in front of, before your face, in your view or purpose
ṣārar : enemies, to bind, be narrow, be in distress, make narrow, cause distress, besiege, be straitened, be bound
dāšēn : take away ashes, fatten oneself, become prosperous, anoint
rō’š : head, upper part, total, front, chief, beginning
šemen : oil, fat
kôs : cup
rᵊvāyâ : saturation, over flow, wealthy
‘aḵ : indeed, surely, yet, but
ṭôḇ/tov : good, pleasant, agreeable, excellent, happiness, joy
ḥeseḏ : mercy, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, lovingkindness
rāḏap̄ : to be behind, follow after, pursue, run after
kōl : all, the whole off, any, every, totality, everything
yôm : day(s), lifetime
ḥay : living, alive, green, flowing, fresh, lively, active, reviving
yāšaḇ : to dwell, remain, sit, abide, inhabitant
bayiṯ : house, dwelling, shelter
Yᵊhōvâ
ōreḵ : length, time, patience
yôm : day(s), lifetime
Psalm 23 YHWH's Titles
In Psalm 23, there are only 6 verses – but at least 12 of YHWH’s Titles are alluded to or used. The titles we can pick out from Psalm 23 are:
Yehovah Roi – YHWH is my Shepherd
Yehovah Jireh – Provider
Yehovah Sub – Restorer
Yehovah Rapha – Healer
Yehovah Sedeq – Righteousness
Yehovah Qarob – near to you
Yehovah’s Sebet – His Staff
Yehovah-Ezer – Help
Yehovah-Magen – Protection / Shield
Yehovah-Nissi – lift you up / Banner
Yehovah Qadosh – Anointed / Set apart
Yehovah-Manah – Portion
Yehovah Hesed – Mercy
Elohim Olam – Forever and Everlasting
Here is an explanation by each Verse:
VERSE 1) Yehovah Roi/Ra’a and Yehovah Jireh : correct translation is Yehovah Ra’a (perhaps people took the “Ye” from Yehova, and added it to the “ra” = Y/Jera). People mostly recognize this title as Yehovah the Provider. Which is correct, but it also means Shepherd. Yehovah our Shepherd. The one who feeds and keeps. The rest of this verse says, “I am never in need, lack nothing, provided for”. This title was given by Abraham in Genesis 22:8 “And Abraham said, My son, YHWH (Yᵊhōvâ) will provide (ra’a) himself a lamb for a burnt offering: so they went both of them together.” And further in Genesis 22:14 “And Abraham called the name of that place JehovahJireh (Yᵊhōvâ rā’â) as it is said to this day, In the mountain of YHWH it shall be provided (Shepherd).”
VERSE 2) Yehovah Shalom : The word used in this verse for Rest, is actually Menuha H4496 – mᵊnûḥâ, from the root word Nuah H5117 – nûaḥ, meaning rest, settle down, remain, be quiet, have rest. Judges 6:24, “Then Gideon built an altar there unto YHWH, and called it Jehovahshalom (Yᵊhōvâ šālôm)” YHWH says this about Himself, in Exodus 33:14 “And he said, My presence shall go with thee, and I will give H5117 thee rest. H5117”
VERSE 3a) Yehovah Rapha – The word used in this verse for restore, is actually Sub H7725 – šûḇ meaning return, restore, recover, refresh, repair, lead somewhere. Exodus 15:26, “… for I am YHWH (Yᵊhōvâ) that healeth (rāp̄ā) H7495 thee.”
VERSE 3b) Yehovah Tsedeki/Sedeq – The word used in this verse is Sedeq H6664 – ṣeḏeq meaning justice, rightness, righteousness. As used for YHWH’s Title in Jeremiah 23:6, “In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, YHWH (Yᵊhōvâ) OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS (Sedeq)”
VERSE 4a) Yehovah-Shammah and Elohei Karov/Qarob – His presence and constant nearness. The word used in this verse, “for you are with me”, is Immad H5978 – ʿimmāḏ, meaning with me, by me, upon me, mine, against me. This title is given in Ezekiel 48:35, “.. and the name of the city from that day shall be, YHWH (Yᵊhōvâ) is there/then (šām). In Jeremiah 23:23 YHWH says Himself, “Am I a Elohim at hand, saith YHWH, and not an Elohim afar off”. The Hebrew word for at hand or near, is Qarob H7138 – qārôḇ, meaning near, next to you, close to you, personal.
VERSE 4b) Yehovah-Ezer and Yehovah-Magen – His rod and staff, the word used in this verse is Sebet H7626 – šēḇeṭ (rod, staff, tribe, spear, club, sceptre) and Masena H4938 – mašʿēnâ (support, walking stick). This represents also A Shepherds protection, to help and shield. In Psalm 33:20, this title is given, “Our soul waiteth for YHWH: he is our help and our shield.”
VERSE 5a) Yehovah-Nissi – Even though this is a table or banquet prepared, it could be a reminder of Nissi too, hebrew word Nes H5251 – nēs, meaning “to lift up“, to place as a signal or standard, a banner/sign/sail on a pole. This name was given by Moses in Exodus 17:15, “And Moses built an altar, and called the name of it Jehovahnissi”
VERSE 5b) Yehovah Qadosh – The two words in the verse is “head with oil“, Ros (head, upper part) and Dasen (take away ashes, anoint, make prosperous). Anointing is synonymous with “holy”, or Hebrew word Qadas/Qadosh as seen what YHWH says in Exodus 31:13 “.. I am YHWH that doth sanctify (Qadas) you”
VERSE 5c) Yehovah-Manah – YHWH is my portion. Psalm 16:5 says it beautifully, “YHWH is the portion of mine inheritance and of my cup: thou maintainest my lot.” The word port in Hebrew is Manah H4490 – mānâ, meaning a “part, portion, belong to”. The root word is H4487 – mānâ, meaning to count or reckon, to assign, number, appoint or prepare. The word is also closely related to H4478 – mān, referring to the manna provided in the desert for the Israelites. Their daily, assigned/appointed portion.
VERSE 6a) Elohim Chaseddi/Hesed – God of Mercy, as used in Psalm 59:10, “The God of my mercy shall prevent me”. The hebrew word for Mercy is Hesed H2617 – ḥeseḏ, meaning mercy, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, lovingkindness.
VERSE 6b) Elohim Olam – Forever and Everlasting, days without end. Psalm 48:14 says it like this, “For this God is our God for ever and ever”, translated to Hebrew Elohim Olam. Olam H5769 – ʿôlām means antiquity, for ever, everlasting, perpetual, ancient, always. The Hebrew word used in this verse is actualy Orek H753 – ‘ōreḵ, meaning a physical length of time, to wait for, self-restraint/patience for forever.